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I have encountered so many misconceptions.
A basic fact is that A, B, and C are necessary for life. Airway, Breathing, and Circulation. This mini-thread explores the concept of Airway versus Vascular chokeholds.
A basic fact is that A, B, and C are necessary for life. Airway, Breathing, and Circulation. This mini-thread explores the concept of Airway versus Vascular chokeholds.
2 – There are two types of chokeholds used by police departments. The Air Choke is meant to cut off airflow to the lungs. The Blood Choke is meant to cut off blood flow to the head. These holds were adopted from the martial art of Judo.
3 – The following table summarizes the two strategies:
4 – And the following graphic also summarizes the two strategies:
5 – As you can see, meticulous training is needed to prevent a Blood Choke from accidentally turning into an Air Choke. Air chokes are prohibited in most precincts, but not everywhere. I really doubt this training is being provided in a cohesive and standardized manner.
6 – A properly applied Blood Choke renders unconsciousness within 10 – 20 seconds. An Air Choke does not produce unconsciousness until the very last moments – usually several minutes. During this time, the victim becomes distressed due to buildup of CO2 and acid in the blood
7 – Now, the amygdala is an almond-sized nucleus in the brain responsible for mediating fear. Patients with bilateral amygdalar degeneration (Urbache-Wiethe syndrome) do not experience fear, even due to terrifying real-life events such as robbery at knife-point.
8 – These patients were studied in the lab. When they breathed CO2 provided by an external unseen operator, all patients experienced fear panic for the first time.
https://www.nature.com/articles/nn.3323
https://www.nature.com/articles/nn.3323
9 – *But* normal subjects with intact amygdalas did not panic with CO2 inhalation. Because they knew that the threat was artificial. This research uncovered a central role for the amygdala in telling the difference between a mock versus real external threat.
10 – For this reason, the most terrifying human experience has been succinctly identified by @tweetsauce as “a rise in blood CO2 caused by a real or perceived unstoppable external threat”.
11 – Suffocation, choking, being buried alive, drowning. A knee on a neck, not letting up. This level of fear penetrates straight to the primal core of our survival instinct. Death due to air choke is slow and excruciating.
Imagine 8’ 46’’.
Imagine 8’ 46’’.
12 – Personally, I believe that this kind of chokehold is cruel and unusual (inhumane). Because it elicits such a high level of fear and panic.
13 – There is a House Bill introduced by Hakeem Jeffries (NY 8th district): HR 4408 – Eric Garner Excessive Use of Force Prevention Act of 2019. This bill would criminalize Air Chokes at the federal level. https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/4408/text
14 - Skopos currently has its chance of passage at 3%. Do you think we can change that?
